The Testament of Solomon
Testament of Solomon, son of David, who was king in Jerusalem, and mastered and controlled all spirits
of the air, on the earth, and under the earth. By means of them also he wrought all the transcendent works
of the Temple. Telling also of the authorities they wield against men, and by what angels these demons are
brought to naught.
Of the sage Solomon.
Blessed art thou, O Lord God, who didst give Solomon such authority. Glory to thee and might unto the
ages. Amen.
2. And behold, when the Temple of the city of Jerusalem was being builded, and the artificers were
working thereat, Ornias the demon came among them toward sunset; and he took away half of the pay of
the chief-deviser's (?) little boy, as well as half his food. He also continued to suck the thumb of his right
hand every day. And the child grew thin, although he was very much loved by the king.
3. So King Solomon called the boy one day, and questioned him, saying: "Do I not love thee more than all
the artisans who are working in the Temple of God? Do I not give thee double wages and a double supply
of food? How is it that day by day and hour by hour thow growest thinner?"
4. But the child said to the king: "I pray thee, O king. Listen to what has befallen all that thy child hath.
After we are all released from our work on the Temple of God, after sunset, when I lie down to rest, one of
the evil demons comes and takes away from me one half of my pay and one half of my food. Then he also
takes hold of my right hand and sucks my thumb. And lo, my soul is opressed, and so my body waxes
thinner every day."
5. Now when I Solomon heard this, I entered the Temple of God, and prayed with all my soul, night and
day, that the demon might be delivered into my hands, and that I might gain authority over him. And it
came about through my prayer that grace was given to me from the Lord Sabaoth by Michael his archangel.
[He brought me] a little ring, having a seal consisting of an engraved stone, and said to me: "Take, O
Solomon, king, son of David, the gift which the Lord God has sent thee, the highest Sabaoth. With it thou
shalt lock up all demons of the earth, male and female; and with their help thou shalt build up Jerusalem.
[But] thou [must] wear this seal of God. And this engraving of the seal of the ring sent thee is a Pentalpha."
6. And I Solomon was overjoyed, and praised and glorified the God of heaven and earth. And on the
morrow I called the boy, and gave him the ring, and said to him: "take this, and at the hour in which the
demon shall come unto thee, throw this ring at the chest of the demon, and say to him: 'In the name of God,
King Solomon calls thee hither.' And then do thou come running to me, without having any misgivings or
fear in respect of aught thou mayest hear on the part of the demon."
7. So the child took the ring, and went off; and behold, at the customary hour Ornias, the fierce demon,
came like a burning fire to take the pay from the child. But the child according to the instructions received
from the king, threw the ring at the chest of the demon, and said: "King Solomon calls thee hither." And
then he went off at a run to the king. But the demon cried out aloud, saying: "Child, why hast thou done
this to me? Take the ring off me, and I will render to thee the gold of the earth. Only take this off me, and
forbear to lead me away to Solomon."
8. But the child said to the demon: "As the Lord God of Israel liveth, I will not brook thee. So come hither."
And the child came at a run, rejoicing, to the king, and said: "I have brought the demon, O king, as thou
didst command me, O my master. And behold, he stands before the gates of the court of thy palace, crying
out, and supplicating with a loud voice; offering me the silver and gold of the earth if I will only bring him
unto thee." 9. And when Solomon heard this, he rose up from his throne, and went outside into the vestibule of the
court of his palace; and there he saw the demon, shuddering and trembling. And he said to him: "Who art
thou?" And the demon answered: "I am called Ornias."
10. And Solomon said to him: "Tell me, O demon, to what zodiacal sign thou art subject." And he
answered: "To the Water-pourer. And those who are consumed with desire for the noble virgins upon earth
[...], these I strangle. But in case there is no disposition to sleep, I am changed into three forms. Whenever
men come to be enamoured of women, I metamorphose myself into a comely female; and I take hold of the
men in their sleep, and play with them. And after a while I again take to my wings, and hide me to the
heavenly regions. I also appear as a lion, and I am commanded by all the demons. I am offspring of the
archangel Uriel, the power of God."
11. I Solomon, having heard the name of the archangel, prayed and glorified God, the Lord of heaven and
earth. And I sealed the demon and set him to work at stone-cutting, so that he might cut the stones in the
Temple, which, lying along the shore, had been brought by the Sea of Arabia. But he, fearful of the iron,
continued and said to me: "I pray thee, King Solomon, let me go free; and I will bring you all the demons."
And as he was not willing to be subject to me, I prayed the archangel Uriel to come and succour me; and I
forthwith beheld the archangel Uriel coming down to me from the heavens.
12. And the angel bade the whales of the sea come out of the abyss. And he cast his destiny upon the
ground, and that [destiny] made subject [to him] the great demon. And he commanded the great demon and
bold Ornias, to cut stones at the Temple. And accordingly I Solomon glorified the God of heaven and
Maker of the earth. And he bade Ornias come with his destiny, and gave him the seal, saying: "Away with
thee, and bring me hither the prince of all the demons."
13. So Ornias took the finger-ring, and went off to Beelzeboul, who has kingship over the demons. He said
to him: "Hither! Solomon calls thee." But Beelzeboul, having heard, said to him: "Tell me, who is this
Solomon of whom thou speakest to me?" Then Ornias threw the ring at the chest of Beelzeboul, saying:
"Solomon the king calls thee." But Beelzeboul cried aloud with a mighty voice, and shot out a great
burning flame of fire; and he arose, and followed Ornias, and came to Solomon.
14. And when I saw the prince of demons, I glorified the Lord God, Maker of heaven and earth, and I said:
"Blessed art thou, Lord God Almighty, who hast given to Solomon thy servant wisdom, the assessor of the
wise, and hast subjected unto me all the power of the devil."
15. And I questioned him, and said: "Who art thou?" The demon replied: "I am Beelzebub, the exarch of
the demons. And all the demons have their chief seats close to me. And I it is who make manifest the
apparition of each demon." And he promised to bring to me in bonds all the unclean spirits. And I again
glorified the God of heaven and earth, as I do always give thanks to him.
16. I then asked of the demon if there were females among them. And when he told me that there were, I
said that I desired to see them. So Beelzeboul went off at high speed, and brought unto me Onoskelis, that
had a very pretty shape, and the skin of a fair-hued woman; and she tossed her head.
17. And when she was come, I said to her: "Tell me who art thou?'' But she said to me: "I am called
Onoskelis, a spirit wrought ...[?shabtai/Saturn?], lurking upon the earth. There is a golden cave where I lie.
But I have a place that ever shifts. At one time I strangle men with a noose; at another, I creep up from the
nature to the arms [in marg: "worms"]. But my most frequent dwelling-places are the precipices, caves,
ravines. Oftentimes, however, do I consort with men in the semblance of a woman, and above all with
those of a dark skin. For they share my star with me; since they it is who privily or openly worship my star,
without knowing that they harm themselves, and but whet my appetite for further mischief. For they wish
to provide money by means of memory (commemoration?), but I supply a little to those who worship me
fairly." 18. And I Solomon questioned her about her birth, and she replied: "I was born of a voice untimely, the socalled echo of a man's ordure [1] dropped in a wood."
[1. For the demon born of an echo we have an analogue in the Hebrew Bath Kol, "the daughter of a voice."
In the Gnostic Hymn to Hermes, edited by Dieterich, Abrasax, p 19, we read, l. 104...]
19. And I said to her: "Under what star dost thou pass?" And she answered me: "Under the star of the full
moon, for the reason that the moon travels over most things." Then I said to her: "And what angel is it that
frustrates thee?" And she said to me: "He that in thee [or "through thee"] is reigning." And I thought that
she mocked me, and bade a soldier strike her. But she cried aloud, and said: "I am [subjected] to thee, O
king, by the wisdom of God given to thee, and by the angel Joel."
20. So I commanded her to spin the hemp for the ropes used in the building of the house of God; and
accordingly, when I had sealed and bound her, she was so overcome and brought to naught as to stand night
and day spinning the hemp.
21. And I at once bade another demon to be led unto me; and instantly there approached me the demon
Asmodeus, bound, and I asked him: "Who art thou ?'' But he shot on me a glance of anger and rage, and
said: "And who art thou?'' And I said to him: "Thus punished as thou art, answerest thou me?" But he, with
rage, said to me: "But how shall I answer thee, for thou art a son of man; whereas I was born an angel's
seed by a daughter of man, so that no word of our heavenly kind addressed to the earth-born can be
overweening. Wherefore also my star is bright in heaven, and men call it, some the Wain, and some the
dragon's child. I keep near unto this star. So ask me not many things; for thy kingdom also after a little time
is to be disrupted, and thy glory is but for a season. And short will be thy tyranny over us; and then we shall
again have free range over mankind, so as that they shall revere us as if we were gods, not knowing, men
that they are, the names of the angels set over us."
22. And I Solomon, on hearing this, bound him more carefully, and ordered him to be flogged with thongs
of ox-hide, and to tell me humbly what was his name and what his business. And he answered me thus: "I
am called Asmodeus among mortals, and my business is to plot against the newly wedded, so that they may
not know one another. And I sever them utterly by many calamities, and I waste away the beauty of virgin
women, and estrange their hearts."
23. And I said to him: "Is this thy only business?" And he answered me: "I transport men into fits of
madness and desire, when they have wives of their own, so that they leave them, and go off by night and
day to others that belong to other men; with the result that they commit sin, and fall into murderous deeds."
24. And I adjured him by the name of the Lord Sabaôth, saying: "Fear God, Asmodeus, and tell me by what
angel thou art frustrated." But he said: "By Raphael, the archangel that stands before the throne of God. But
the liver and gall of a fish put me to flight, when smoked over ashes of the tamarisk." I again asked him,
and said: "Hide not aught from me. For I am Solomon, son of David, King of Israel. Tell me the name of
the fish which thou reverest." And he answered: "It is the Glanos by name, and is found in the rivers of
Assyria; wherefore it is that I roam about in those parts."
25. And I said to him: "Hast thou nothing else about thee, Asmodeus?" And he answered: "The power of
God knoweth, which hath bound me with the indissoluble bonds of yonder one's seal, that whatever I have
told thee is true. I pray thee, King Solomon, condemn me not to [go into] water." But I smiled, and said to
him: "As the Lord God of my fathers liveth, I will lay iron on thee to wear. But thou shalt also make the
clay for the entire construction of the Temple, treading it down with thy feet." And I ordered them to give
him ten water-jars to carry water in. And the demon groaned terribly, and did the work I ordered him to do.
And this I did, because that fierce demon Asmodeus knew even the future. And I Solomon glorified God,
who gave wisdom to me Solomon his servant. And the liver of the fish and its gall I hung on the spike of a
reed, and burned it over Asmodeus because of his being so strong, and his unbearable malice was thus
frustrated. 26. And I summoned again to stand before me Beelzeboul, the prince of demons, and I sat him down on a
raised seat of honour, and said to him: "Why art thou alone, prince of the demons?" And he said to me:
"Because I alone am left of the angels of heaven that came down. For I was first angel in the first heaven
being entitled Beelzeboul. And now I control all those who are bound in Tartarus. But I too have a child,
and he haunts the Red Sea. And on any suitable occasion he comes up to me again, being subject to me;
and reveals to me what he has done, and I support him.
27. I Solomon said unto him: "Beelzeboul, what is thy employment?" And he answered me: "I destroy
kings. I ally myself with foreign tyrants. And my own demons I set on to men, in order that the latter may
believe in them and be lost. And the chosen servants of God, priests and faithful men, I excite unto desires
for wicked sins, and evil heresies, and lawless deeds; and they obey me, and I bear them on to destruction.
And I inspire men with envy, and [desire for] murder, and for wars and sodomy, and other evil things. And
I will destroy the world."
28. So I said to him: "Bring to me thy child, who is, as thou sayest, in the Red Sea." But he said to me: "I
will not bring him to thee. But there shall come to me another demon called Ephippas. Him will I bind, and
he will bring him up from the deep unto me." And I said to him: "How comes thy son to be in the depth of
the sea, and what is his name? "And he answered me: "Ask me not, for thou canst not learn from me.
However, he will come to thee by any command, and will tell thee openly."
29. I said to him: "Tell me by what angel thou art frustrated." And he answered: "By the holy and precious
name of the Almighty God, called by the Hebrews by a row of numbers, of which the sum is 644, and
among the Greeks it is Emmanuel [1]. And if one of the Romans adjure me by the great name of the power
Eleéth, I disappear at once."
[1. The text must be faulty, for the word Emmanuel is the Hebrew. The sum 644 is got by adding together
the Greek numbers.]
30. I Solomon was astounded when I heard this; and I ordered him to saw up Theban [1] marbles. And
when he began to saw the marbles, the other demons cried out with a loud voice, howling because of their
king Beelzeboul.
[1. We hear of Pentelic marble in Strabo, but the reference in the text may be to Thebes in Egypt.]
31. But I Solomon questioned him, saying: "If thou wouldst gain a respite, discourse to me about the things
in heaven." And Beelzeboul said: "Hear, O king, if thou burn gum, and incense, and bulb of the sea [1],
with nard and saffron, and light seven lamps in an earthquake [2], thou wilt firmly fix thy house. And if,
being pure [3], thou light them at dawn in the sun alight, then wilt thou see the heavenly dragons, how they
wind themselves along and drag the chariot of the sun."
[1. Perhaps the "sea-bulbs" were the balls of hair-like texture which the sea washes up on Mediterranean
shores, e.g. in Tunisia. 2. Perhaps "in a row," should be read. 3. For the condition here insisted on cp.
Dieterich, Abrasax, p. 141, where in an incantation ceremonial purity is similarly insisted on. The ritual of
a magic papyrus given by Dieterich, p. 169, is very similar to that here prescribed in the Testament.]
32. And I Solomon, having heard this, rebuked him, and said: "Silence for this present [1], and continue to
saw the marbles as I commanded thee." And I Solomon praised God, and commanded another demon to
present himself to me. And one came before me who carried his face high up in the air, but the rest of the
spirit curled away like a snail. And it broke through the few soldiers, and raised also a terrible dust on the
ground, and carried it upwards; and then again hurled it back to frighten us, and asked what questions I
could ask as a rule. And I stood up, and spat [2] on the ground in that spot, and sealed with the ring of God.
And forthwith the dust-wind stopped. Then I asked him, saying: "Who art thou, O wind?" Then he once
more shook up a dust, and answered me: "What wouldst thou have, King Solomon?" I answered him: "Tell me what thou art called, and I would fain ask thee a question. But so far I give thanks to God who has made
me wise to answer their evil plots."
[1. So Luke xxii. 51. 2. For the use of spittle to produce a cure or other effect in a magical way, cp. Mark
vii. 33 and viii. 23. In John ix. 6, Jesus, we read, "spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, and
anointed the eyes with the clay." Of this magic use of spittle Pliny, in his Natural History, gives numerous
examples. It was common in antiquity.]
33. But [the demon] answered me: "I am the spirit of the ashes (Tephras)." And I said to him: "What is thy
pursuit?" And he said: "I bring darkness on men, and set fire to fields; and I bring homesteads to naught.
But most busy am I in summer. However, when I get an opportunity, I creep into corners of the wall, by
night and day. For I am offspring of the great one, and nothing less." Accordingly I said to him: "Under
what star dost thou lie?" And he answered: "In the very tip of the moon's horn, when it is found in the
south. There is my star. For I have been bidden to restrain the convulsions of the hemitertian fever; and this
is why many men pray to the hemitertian fever, using these three names: Bultala, Thallal, [24] Melchal.
And I heal them." And I said to him: "I am Solomon; when therefore thou wouldst do harm, by whose aid
dost thou do it?" But he said to me: "By the angel's, by whom also the third day's fever is lulled to rest." So
I questioned him, and said: "And by what name [1]?" And he answered: "That of the archangel Azael." And
I summoned the archangel Azael, and set a seal on the demon, and commanded him to seize great stones,
and toss them up to the workmen on the higher parts of the Temple. And, being compelled, the demon
began to do what he was bidden to do.
[1. Cp. Acts iv. 7.]
34. And I glorified God afresh who gave me this authority, and ordered another demon to come before me.
And there came seven spirits [1], females, bound and woven together, fair in appearance and comely. And I
Solomon, seeing them, questioned them and said: "Who are ye?" But they, with one accord, said with one
voice [2]: "We are of the thirty-three elements of the cosmic ruler of the darkness [3]." And the first said: "I
am Deception." The second said: "I am Strife." The third: "I am Klothod, which is battle." The fourth: "I
am Jealousy." The fifth: "I am Power." The sixth: "I am Error." The seventh: "I am the worst of all, and our
stars are in heaven. Seven stars humble in sheen, and all together. And we are called as it were goddesses.
We change our place all and together, and together we live, sometimes in Lydia, sometimes in Olympus,
sometimes in a great mountain."
[1. The Pleiades seem to be referred to. Cp. Job xxxviii. 31, in the Revised Version: "Canst thou bind the
cluster of the Pleiades?" They had a malign influence. The grouping of evil spirits by sevens is common in
Babylonian and Jewish folk-lore. As examples I may cite the Testamentum of Reuben, ch. 2, and the seven
evil spirits of the N.T. Possibly, however, the Seven Planets are here in question; though this is unlikely, for
they do not tally with the description given. 2. Rom. xv. 6 has the same phrase. For "thirty-three" we should
read "thirty-six" elements. Note that later in the Testament these seven spirits are not among the
Kosmokrators, a proof that the document before us is a composite one. 3. Paul speaks of the Kosmokrators
in Eph. vi. 12: "Our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the
powers, against the world-rulers of this darkness." See Iren. Haer. I. i. 10.]
35. So I Solomon questioned them one by one, beginning with the first, and going down to the seventh. The
first said: "I am Deception, I deceive and weave snares here and there. I whet and excite heresies. But I
have an angel who frustrates me, Lamechalal."
36. Likewise also the second said: "I am Strife, strife of strifes. I bring timbers, stones, hangers, my
weapons on the spot. But I have an angel who frustrates me, Baruchiachel."
37. Likewise also the third said: "I am called Klothod [1], which is Battle, and I cause the well-behaved to
scatter and fall foul one of the other. And why do I say so much? I have an angel that frustrates me:
"Marmarath." [1. Fabricius, Cod. Pseudepigr. V.T. vol. I, p. 1047, reads Klothon, which must be i.q. Kludun, which
Hesychius explains thus: ...]
38. Likewise also the fourth said: "I cause men to forget their sobriety and moderation. I part them and split
them into parties; for Strife follows me hand in hand. I rend the husband from the sharer of his bed, and
children from parents, and brothers from sisters. But why tell so much to my despite? I have an angel that
frustrates me, the great Balthial."
39. Likewise also the fifth said: "I am Power. By power I raise up tyrants and tear down kings. To all rebels
I furnish power. I have an angel that frustrates me, Asteraôth."
40. Likewise also the sixth said: "I am Error [1], O King Solomon. And I will make thee to err, as I have
before made thee to err, when I caused thee to slay thy own brother [2]. I will lead you into error, so as to
pry into graves [3]; and 1 teach them that dig, and I lead errant souls away from all piety, and many other
evil traits are mine. But I have an angel that frustrates me, Uriel."
[1. Cp. Testam. of Symeon, ch. 3. 2. See I Kings ii. 25. 3. A reference to necromancy, of which the object
was to oblige the spirit of the dead to enter oneself.]
41. Likewise also the seventh said: "I am the worst, and I make thee worse off than thou wast; because I
will impose the bonds of Artemis. But the locust [1] will set me free, for by means thereof is it fated that
thou shalt achieve my desire [...]. For if one were wise, he would not turn his steps toward me."
[1. This refers to the closing incident narrated in the Testament, the sacrificing by Solomon of five locusts
to Moloch. Tatian, Orat. ad Graecos, cap. 12, speaks of Artemis magos. She is the same as Hecate.]
42. So I Solomon, having heard and wondered, sealed them with my ring; and since they were so
considerable, I bade them dig the foundations of the Temple of God. For the length of it was 250 cubits.
And I bade them be industrious, and with one murmur of joint protest they began to perform the tasks
enjoined.
43. But I Solomon glorified the Lord, and bade another demon come before me. And there was brought to
me a demon having all the limbs of a man, but without a head. And I, seeing him, said to him: "Tell me,
who art thou?'' And he answered: "I am a demon." So I said to him: "Which?" And he answered me: "I am
called Envy. For I delight to devour heads, being desirous to secure for myself a head; but I do not eat
enough, but am anxious to have such a head as thou hast."
44. I Solomon, on hearing this, sealed him, stretching out my hand against his chest. Whereon the demon
leapt up, and threw himself down, and gave a groan, saying: "Woe is me! where am I come to? O traitor
Ornias, I cannot see!" So I said to him: "I am Solomon. Tell me then how thou dost manage to see." And he
answered me: "By means of my feelings." I then, Solomon, having heard his voice come up to me, asked
him how he managed to speak. And he answered me: "I, O King Solomon, am wholly voice, for I have
inherited the voices of many men. For in the case of all men who are called dumb, I it is who smashed their
heads, when they were children and had reached their eighth day. Then when a child is crying in the night, I
become a spirit, and glide by means of his voice [...]. In the crossways [1] also I have many services to
render, and my encounter is fraught with harm. For I grasp in all instant a man's head, and with my hands,
as with a sword, I cut it off, and put it on to myself. And in this way, by means of the fire which is in me,
through my neck it is swallowed up. I it is that sends grave mutilations and incurable on men's feet, and
inflict sores."
[1. This seems the sense of enodiais, unless understood, trivialibus dis, "to the demons of the wayside or
cross-road." Hecate was such a goddess, and in C.I. 26 we have mention of a daimon enodia, the Latin
Trivia. As a subst. the neut. plur. enodia: = blisters caused by walking, in Theophr, Sud. 15.] 45. And I Solomon, on hearing this, said to him: "Tell me how thou dost discharge forth the fire? Out of
what sources dost thou emit it?" And the spirit said to me: "From the Day-star [1]. For here hath not yet
been found that Elburion, to whom men offer prayers and kindle lights. And his name is invoked by the
seven demons before me. And he cherishes them."
[1. Or, "from the Orient."]
46. But I said to him: "Tell me his name." But he answered: "I cannot tell thee. For if I tell his name, I
render myself incurable. But he will come in response to his name." And on hearing this, I Solomon said to
him: "Tell me then, by what angel thou art frustrated?" And he answered: "By the fiery flash of lightning."
And I bowed myself before the Lord God of Israel, and bade him remain in the keeping of Beelzeboul until
Iax [1] should come.
[1. Bornemann conjectures "a guardian or watcher." But the angel Iax recurs below in # 86.]
47. Then I ordered another demon to come before me, and there came into my presence a hound, having a
very large shape, and it spoke with a loud voice, and said, "Hail, Lord, King Solomon!" And I Solomon
was astounded. I said to it: Who art thou, O hound?" And it answered: "I do indeed seem to thee to be a
hound, but before thou wast, O King Solomon, I was a man that wrought many unholy deeds on earth. I
was surpassingly learned in letters, and was so mighty that I could hold the stars of heaven back. And many
divine works did I prepare. For I do harm to men who follow after our star, and turn them to [...]. [1] And I
seize the frenzied men by the larynx, and so destroy them."
[1. The MS. has a vox nihili. Can it mean "her that is born of echo" (see above, p. 19, n. 8).?]
48. And I Solomon said to him: "What is thy name?" And he answered: ''Staff" (Rabdos). And I said to
him: "What is thine employment? And what results canst thou achieve?" And he replied: ''Give me thy
man, and I will lead him away into a mountainous spot, and will show him a green stone tossed to and fro,
with which thou mayest adorn the temple of the Lord God."
49. And I Solomon, on hearing this, ordered my servant to set off with him, and to take the finger-ring
bearing the seal of God with him. And I said to him: "Whoever shall show thee the green stone, seal him
with this finger-ring. And mark the spot with care, and bring me the demon hither. And the demon showed
him the green stone, and he sealed it, and brought the demon to me. And I Solomon decided to confine with
my seal on my right hand the two, the headless demon, likewise the hound, that was so huge [1]; he should
be bound as well. And I bade the hound keep safe the fiery spirit so that lamps as it were might by day and
night cast their light through its maw on the artisans at work.
[1. The text seems corrupt here.]
50. And I Solomon took from the mine of that stone 200 shekels for the supports of the table of incense,
which was similar in appearance. And I Solomon glorified the Lord God, and then closed round the
treasure of that stone. And I ordered afresh the demons to cut marble for the construction of the house of
God. And I Solomon prayed to the Lord, and asked the hound, saying: "By what angel art thou frustrated?"
And the demon replied: "By the great Brieus [1]."
[1. Briareus is suggested by Bornemann as the right reading, but with little probability, since Briareus
would not have been turned into an angel.]
51. And I praised the Lord God of heaven and earth, and bade another demon come forward to me; and
there came before me one in the form of a lion roaring. And he stood and answered me saying: "O king, in
the form which I have, I am a spirit quite incapable of being perceived. Upon all men who lie prostrate with
sickness I leap, coming stealthily along; and I render the man weak, so that his habit of body is enfeebled. But I have also another glory, O king. I cast out demons, and I have legions under my control. And I am
capable of being received [1] in my dwelling-places, along with all the demons belonging to the legions
under me." But I Solomon, on hearing this, asked him: "What is thy name?" But he answered: "Lionbearer, Rath [2] in kind." And I said to him: "How art thou to be frustrated along with thy legions? What
angel is it that frustrates thee?" And he answered: "If I tell thee my name, I bind not myself alone, but also
the legions of demons under me."
[1. dektikos seems here to bear this sense, as also in the fragment of a very old commentary on the
Shepherd of Hermas in the Oxyrhynchus papyri. part i, by Grenfell and Hunt, 1898, p. 9. The dwellingplaces are the persons of whom the spirit, good or evil, takes possession. So in the Docetic Acta Iohannis
(ed. M.R. James) the Christ says: "I have no dwelling, and I have dwellings; I have no place, and I have
places; I have no temple, and I have temples. ... Behold thyself in me who address thee." 2. radinos,
"slender tapering" is suggested by Bornemann as the true reading, because a "staff" might be such.]
52. So I said to him: "I adjure thee in the name of the God Sabaoth, to tell me by what name thou art
frustrated along with thy host." And the spirit answered me: "The 'great among men,' who is to suffer many
things at the hands of men, whose name is the figure 644, which is Emmanuel; he it is who has bound us,
and who will then come and plunge us from the steep [1] under water. He is noised abroad in the three
letters which bring him down [2]."
[1. The allusion is to the swine of Gadara. 2. The three characters are apparently the numbers 644.]
53. And I Solomon, on hearing this, glorified God, and condemned his legion to carry wood from the
thicket. And I condemned the lion-shaped one himself to saw up the wood small with his teeth, for burning
in the unquenchable furnace for the Temple of God.
54. And I worshipped the Lord God of Israel, and bade another demon come forward. And there came
before me a dragon, three-headed, of fearful hue. And I questioned him: "Who art thou?" And he answered
me: "I am a caltrop-like spirit [1], whose activity in three lines. But I blind children in women's wombs, and
twirl their ears round. And I make them deaf [2] and mute. And I have again in my third head means of
slipping in [3]. And I smite men in the limbless part of the body, and cause them to fall down, and foam,
and grind their teeth. But I have my own way of being frustrated, Jerusalem being signified in writing, unto
the place called 'of the head [4]." For there is fore-appointed the angel of the great counsel, and now he will
openly dwell on the cross. He doth frustrate me, and to him am I subject."
[1. Tribolaios. The tribolos was a three-spiked instrument, thrown on the ground to wound horses' feet. 2.
bubá, an unknown word. 3. a word of doubtful sense. 4. i.e. Golgotha. The old legend was that Adam's
skull reposed in this spot, and that the cross was planted upon it.]
55. "But in the place where thou sittest, O King Solomon, standeth a column in the air, of purple... [1] The
demon called Ephippas hath brought [it] up from the Red Sea, from inner Arabia. He it is that shall be shut
up in a skin-bottle and brought before thee. But at the entrance of the Temple, which thou hast begun to
build, O King Solomon, lies stored much gold, which dig thou up and carry off." And I Solomon sent my
servant, and found it to be as the demon told me. And I sealed him with my ring, and praised the Lord
God."
[1. The meaning of the last part of this compound is unknown.]
56. So I said to him: "What art thou called?" And the demon said: "I am the crest of dragons." And I bade
him make bricks in the Temple. He had human hands.
57. And I adored the Lord God of Israel, and bade another demon present himself. And there came before
me a spirit in woman's form, that had a head without any limbs [1], and her hair was dishevelled. And I said
to her: "Who art thou?" But she answered: "Nay, who art thou? And why dost thou want to hear concerning me? But, as thou wouldst learn, here I stand bound before thy face. Go [30] then into thy royal storehouses
and wash thy hands. Then sit down afresh before thy tribunal, and ask me questions; and thou shalt learn, O
king, who I am."
[1. Here we seem to have the Greek head of Medusa transformed into a demon.]
58. And I Solomon did as she enjoined me, and restrained myself because of the wisdom dwelling in me
[1]; in order that I might hear of her deeds, and reprehend them, and manifest them to men. And I sat down,
and said to the demon: "What art thou?" And she said: "I am called among men Obizuth; and by night I
sleep not, but go my rounds over all the world, and visit women in childbirth. And divining the hour I take
my stand [2]; and if I am lucky, I strangle the child. But if not, I retire to another place. For I cannot for a
single night retire unsuccessful. For I am a fierce [3] spirit, of myriad names and many shapes. And now
hither, now thither I roam. And to westering parts I go my rounds. But as it now is, though thou hast sealed
me round with the ring of God, thou hast done nothing. I am not standing before thee, and thou wilt not be
able to command me. For I have no work other than the destruction of children, and the making their ears
to be deaf, and the working of evil to their eyes, and the binding their mouths with a bond, and the ruin of
their minds, and paining of their bodies."
[1. The Sophia, identified by Philo and the early Fathers with the Logos, is supposed to have entered into
and taken possession of Solomon as it afterwards did with Jesus. 2. stamatihu, an unknown verb. 3.
xalepón.]
59. When I Solomon heard this, I marvelled at her appearance, for I beheld all her body to be in darkness.
But her glance was altogether bright and greeny, and her hair was tossed wildly like a dragon's; and the
whole of her limbs were invisible. And her voice was very clear as it came to me. And I cunningly said:
"Tell me by what angel thou art frustrated, O evil spirit?" By she answered me: "By the angel of God called
Afarôt, which is interpreted Raphael, by whom I am frustrated now and for all time. His name, if any man
know it, and write the same on a woman in childbirth, then I shall not be able to enter her. Of this name the
number is 640 [1]." And I Solomon having heard this, and having glorified the Lord, ordered her hair to be
bound, and that she should be hung up in front of the Temple of God; that all the children of Israel, as they
passed, might see it, and glorify the Lord God of Israel, who had given me this authority, with wisdom and
power from God, by means of this signet.
[1. Bornemann (Zeitschr. f.d. Hist. Theol. 1844, p. 38) gives the tale of figures. r = 100; a = 1; f = 500; a =
1; m = 8; l = 30. Total 640.]
60. And I again ordered another demon to come before me. And the came, rolling itself along, one in
appearance like to a dragon, but having the face and hands of a man. And all its limbs, except the feet, were
those of a dragon; and it had wings on its back. And when I beheld it, I was astonied, and said: "Who art
thou, demon, and what art thou called? And whence hast thou come? Tell me."
61. And the spirit answered and said: "This is the first time I have stood before the, O King Solomon. I am
a spirit made into a god among men, but now brought to naught by the ring and wisdom vouchsafed to thee
by God. Now I am the so-called winged dragon [1], and I chamber not with many women, but only with a
few that are of fair shape, which possess the name of xuli, of this star. And I pair with them in the guise of a
spirit winged in form, coitum habens per nates. And she on whom I have leapt goes heavy with child, and
that which is born of her becomes eros. But since such offspring cannot be carried by men, the woman in
question breaks wind. Such is my role. Supposed then only that I am satisfied, and all the other demons
molested and disturbed by thee will speak the whole truth. But those composed of fire [2] will cause to be
burned up by fire the material of the logs which is to be collected by them for the building in the Temple."
[1. pterodrákun, a word not in the lexicons. 2. Tà dè dià pyrós.] 62. And as the demon said this, I saw the spirit going forth from his mouth, and it consumed the wood of
the frankincense-tree, and burned up all the logs which we had placed in the Temple of God. And I
Solomon saw what the spirit had done, and I marvelled.
63. And, having glorified God, I asked the dragon-shaped demon, and said: "Tell me, by what angel art
thou frustrated?" And he answered: "By the great angel which has its seat in the second heaven, which is
called in Hebrew Bazazeth. And I Solomon, having heard this, and having invoked his angel, condemned
him to saw up marbles for the building of the Temple of God; and I praised God, and commanded another
demon to come before me.
64. And there came before my face another spirit, as it were a woman in the form she had. But on her
shoulders she had two other heads with hands. And I asked her, and said: "Tell me, who art thou?" And she
said to me: "I am Enêpsigos, who also have a myriad names." And I said her: "By what angel art thou
frustrated?" But she said to me: "What seekest, what askest thou? I undergo changes, like the goddess I am
called. And I change again, and pass into possession of another shape. And be not desirous therefore to
know all that concerns me. But since thou art before me for this much, hearken. I have my abode in the
moon, and for that reason I possess three forms. At times I am magically [1] invoked by the wise as
Kronos. At other times, in connexion with those who bring me down, I come down and appear in another
shape. The measure of the element [2] is inexplicable and indefinable, and not to be frustrated. I then,
changing into these three forms, come down and become such as thou seest me; but I am frustrated by the
angel Rathanael, who sits in the third heaven. This then is why I speak to thee. Yonder temple cannot
contain me."
[1. mageyoméne. 2. Perhaps "the place or size of the heavenly body."]
65. I therefore Solomon prayed to my God, and I invoked the angel of whom Enépsigos spoke to me, and
used my seal. And I sealed her with a triple chain, and (placed) beneath her the fastening of the chain. I
used the seal of God, and the spirit prophesied to me, saying: "This is what thou, King Solomon, doest to
us. But after a time thy kingdom shall be broken, and again in season this Temple shall be riven asunder
[1]; and all Jerusalem shall be undone by the King of the Persians and Medes and Chaldaeans. And the
vessels of this Temple, which thou makest, shall be put to servile uses of the gods; and along with them all
the jars, in which thou dost shut us up, shall be broken by the hands of men. And then we shall go forth in
great power hither and thither, and be disseminated all over the world. And we shall lead astray the
inhabited world for a long season, until the Son of God is stretched upon the cross. For never before doth
arise a king like unto him, one frustrating us all, whose mother shall not have contact with man. Who else
can receive such authority over spirits, except he, whom the first devil will seek to tempt, but will not
prevail over? The number of his name is 644 [2], which is Emmanuel. Wherefore, O King Solomon, thy
time is evil, and thy years short and evil, and to thy servant shall thy kingdom be given [3]."
[1. I conjecture the sense which the word must bear in this context. 2. xmd. 3. This prophecy corresponds
roughly to the one which Lactantius, Instit. Div. lib. iv. c. 18, quotes from an apocryphal Book of
Solomon.]
66. And I Solomon, having heard this, glorified God. And though I marvelled at the apology of the demons,
I did not credit it until it came true. And I did not believe their words; but when they were realized, then I
understood, and at my death I wrote this Testament to the children of Israel, and gave it to them, so that
they might know the powers of the demons and their shapes, and the names of their angels, by which these
angels are frustrated. And I glorified the Lord God of Israel, and commanded the spirits to be bound with
bonds indissoluble.
67. And having praised God, I commanded another spirit to come before me; and there came before my
face another demon, having in front the shape of a horse, but behind of a fish. And he had a mighty voice,
and said to me: "O King Solomon, I am a fierce spirit of the sea, and I am greedy of gold and silver. I am
such a spirit as rounds itself and comes over the expanses of the water of the sea, and I trip up the men who sail thereon. For I round myself into a wave [1], and transform myself, and then throw myself on ships and
come right in on them. And that is my business, and my way of getting hold of money and men. For I take
the men, and whirl them round with myself, and hurl the men out of the sea. For I am not covetous of men's
bodies, but cast them up out of the sea so far. But since Beelzeboul, ruler of the spirits of air and of those
under the earth, and lord of earthly ones, hath a joint kingship with us in respect of the deeds of each one of
us, therefore I went up from the sea, to get a certain outlook [2] in his company.
[1. Cp. Jude 13. That Jude here indulges in no mere metaphor is clear from the words which follow, which
embody the belief detailed in the Testament of Solomon, p. 40. 2. "descent, or spiritual assault."]
68. "But I also have another character and role. I metamorphose myself into waves, and come up from the
sea. And I show myself to men, so that those on earth call me Kuno[s]paston [1], because I assume the
human form. And my name is a true one. For by my passage up into men, I send forth a certain nausea. I
came then to take counsel with the prince Beelzeboul; and he bound me and delivered me into thy hands.
And I am here before thee because of this seal, and thou dost now torment me [2]. Behold now, in two or
three days the spirit that converseth with thee will fail, because I shall have no water."
[1. Cf. Pliny, Nat. Hist. 24. 74 "Cynosbaton, alii Cynospaston, alii neurospaston vocant; folium habet
vestigio hominis simile. Fert et uvam nigram, in cuius acino nervum habet, unde neurospastos dicitur." The
human form revealed itself in the footstep, which the leaf resembled. 2. basaníxeis. Cp. Matt. viii. 6, 29;
xiv. 24; Mark v. 7.]
69. And I said to him: "Tell me by what angel thou art frustrated." And he answered: "By Iameth." And I
glorified God. I commanded the spirit to be thrown into a phial along with ten jugs of sea-water of two
measures each [1]. And I sealed them round above the marbles and asphalt and pitch in the mouth of the
vessel. And having sealed it with my ring, I ordered it to be deposited in the Temple of God. And I ordered
another spirit to come before me.
[1. Cp. John ii. 6.]
70. And there came before my face another enslaved spirit, having obscurely the form of a man, with
gleaming eyes, and bearing in his hand a blade. And I asked: "Who art thou? But he answered: "I am a
lascivious spirit, engendered of a giant man who dies in the massacre in the time of the giants." I said to
him: "Tell me what thou art employed on upon earth, and where thou hast thy dwelling."
71. And he said: "My dwelling is in fruitful places, but my procedure is this. I seat myself beside the men
who pass along among the tombs, and in untimely season I assume the form of the dead; and if I catch any
one, I at once destroy him with my sword. But if I cannot destroy him, I cause him to be possessed with a
demon, and to devour his own flesh, and the hair to fall off his chin." But I said to him: "Do thou then be in
fear of the God of heaven and of earth, and tell me by angel thou art frustrated." And he answered: "He
destroys me who is to become Saviour, a man whose number, if any one shall write it on his forehead [1],
he will defeat me, and in fear I shall quickly retreat. And, indeed, if any one write this sign on him, I shall
be in fear." And I Solomon, on hearing this, and having glorified the Lord God, shut up this demon like the
rest.
[1. Rev. ix. 4; xiii, 16, 17.]
72. And I commanded another demon to come before me. And there came before my face thirty-six spirits,
their heads shapeless like dogs, but in themselves they were human in form; with faces of asses, faces of
oxen, and faces of birds. And I Solomon, on hearing and seeing them, wondered, and I asked them and
said: "Who are you?" But they, of one accord with one voice, said [1]: "We are the thirty-six elements, the
world-rulers [2] of this darkness. But, O King Solomon, thou wilt not wrong us nor imprison us, nor lay
command on us; but since the Lord God has given thee authority over every spirit, in the air, and on the
earth, and under the earth, therefore do we also present ourselves before thee like the other spirits, from ram and bull, from [35] both twin and crab, lion and virgin, scales and scorpion, archer, goat-horned, waterpourer, and fish.
[1. Acts ii. 1. 2. kosmokratores. Cp. Paul, Eph. vi. 12; Origen, c. Celsum, viii, 58.]
73. Then I Solomon invoked the name of the Lord Sabaoth, and questioned each in turn as to what was its
character. And I bade each one come forward and tell of its actions. Then the first one came forward, and
said: "I am the first decans of the zodiacal circle, and I am called the ram, and with me are these two." So I
put to them the question: "Who are ye called?" The first said: "I, O Lord, am called Ruax, and I cause the
heads of men to be idle, and I pillage their brows. But let me only hear the words, 'Michael, imprison
Ruax,' and at once I retreat."
74. And the second said: "I am called Barsafael, and I cause those who are subject to my hour to feel the
pain of migraine. If only I hear the words, 'Gabriel, imprison Barsafael,' at once I retreat."
75. The third said: "I am called Arôtosael. I do harm to eyes, and grievously injure them. Only let me hear
the words, 'Uriel, imprison Aratosael' (sic), at once I retreat . . . . .[1]"
[1. There seems to be a lacuna here.]
76. The fifth said: "I am called Iudal, and I bring about a block in the ears and deafness of hearing. If I hear,
'Uruel Iudal,' I at once retreat."
77. The sixth said: "I am called Sphendonaêl. I cause tumours of the parotid gland, and inflammations of
the tonsils, and tetanic recurvation [1]. If I hear, 'Sabrael, imprison Sphendonaêl,' at once I retreat.''
[1. The Greek medical terms which stand in the Greek text are found in Hippocrates, Galen, and Cuel.
Aurel.]
78. And the Seventh said: "I am called Sphandôr, and I weaken the strength of the shoulders, and cause
them to tremble; and I paralyze the nerves of the hands, and I break and bruise the bones of the neck. And I,
I suck out the marrow. But if I hear the words, 'Araêl, imprison Sphandôr,' I at once retreat."
79. And the eight said: "I am called Belbel. I distort the hearts and minds of men. If I hear the words,
'Araêl, imprison Belbel,' I at once retreat."
80. And the ninth said: "I am called Kurtaêl. I send colics in the bowels. I induce pains. If I hear the words,
'Iaôth, imprison Kurtaêl,' I at once retreat."
81. The tenth said: "I am called Metathiax. I cause the reins to ache. If I hear the words, 'Adônaêl, imprison
Metathiax,' I at once retreat."
82. The eleventh said: "I am called Katanikotaêl. I create strife and wrongs in men's homes, and send on
them hard temper. If any one would be at peace in his home, let him write on seven leaves of laurel the
name of the angel that frustrates me, along with these names: Iae, Ieô, sons of Sabaôth, in the name of the
great God let him shut up Katanikotaêl. Then let him wash the laurel-leaves in water, and sprinkle his
house with the water, from within to the outside. And at once I retreat."
83. The twelfth said: "I am called Saphathoraél, and I inspire partisanship in men, and delight in causing
them to stumble. If any one will write on paper these names of angels, Iacô, Iealô, Iôelet, Sabaôth, Ithoth,
Bae, and having folded it up, wear it round his neck or against his ear, I at once retreat and dissipate the
drunken fit." 84. The thirteenth said: "I am called Bobêl (sic), and I cause nervous illness by my assaults. If I hear the
name of the great 'Adonaêl, imprison Bothothêl,' I at once retreat."
85. The fourteenth said: "I am called Kumeatêl, and I inflict shivering fits and torpor. If only I hear the
words: 'Zôrôêl, imprison Kumentaêl,' I at once retreat."
86. The fifteenth said: "I am called Roêlêd. I cause cold and frost and pain in the stomach. Let me only hear
the words: 'Iax, bide not, be not warmed, for Solomon is fairer than eleven fathers,' I at [once] retreat."
87. The sixteenth said: "I am called Atrax. I inflict upon men fevers, irremediable and harmful. If you
would imprison me, chop up coriander [1] and smear it on the lips, reciting the following charm: 'The fever
which is from dirt. I exorcise thee by the throne of the most high God, retreat from dirt and retreat from the
creature fashioned by God.' And at once I retreat."
[1. Pliny, Nat. Hist. xx. 20, notes the same use of coriander: "Seminis grana tria in tertianis devorari iubent
aliqui ante accessionem, vel plura illini fronti." The Testament evidently belongs to Pliny's age.]
88. The seventeenth said: "I am called Ieropaêl. On the stomach of men I sit, and cause convulsions in the
bath and in the road; and wherever I be found, or find a man, I throw him down. But if any one will say to
the afflicted into their ear these names, three times over, into the right ear: 'Iudarizê, Sabunê, Denôê,' I at
once retreat."
89. The eighteenth said: "I am called Buldumêch. I separate wife from husband and bring about a grudge
between them. If any one write down the names of thy sires, Solomon, on paper and place it in the antechamber of his house, I retreat thence. And the legend written shall be as follows: 'The God of Abram, and
the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob commands thee -- retire from this house in peace.' And I at once
retire."
90. The nineteenth said: "I am called Naôth, and I take my seat on the knees of men. If any one write on
paper: 'Phnunoboêol, depart Nathath, and touch thou not the neck,' I at once retreat."
91. The twentieth said: "I am called Marderô. I send on men incurable fever. If any one write on the leaf of
a book: 'Sphênêr, Rafael, retire, drag me not about, flay me not,' and tie it round his neck, I at once retreat."
92. The twenty-first said: "I am called Alath, and I cause coughing and hard-breathing in children. If any
one write on paper: 'Rorêx, do thou pursue Alath,' and fasten it round his neck, I at once retire... [1]"
[1. There must here be a lacuna in the text.]
93. The twenty-third said: "I am called Nefthada. I cause the reins to ache, and I bring about dysury. If any
one write on a plate of tin the words: 'Iathôth, Uruêl, Nephthada,' and fasten it round the loins, I at once
retreat."
94. The twenty-fourth said: "I am called Akton. I cause ribs and lumbic muscles to ache. If one engrave on
copper material, taken from a ship which has missed its anchorage, this: 'Marmaraôth, Sabaôth, pursue
Akton,' and fasten it round the loin, I at once retreat."
95. The twenty-fifth said: "I am called Anatreth, and I rend burnings and fevers into the entrails. But if I
hear: 'Arara, Charara,' instantly do I retreat."
96. The twenty-sixth said: "I am called Enenuth. I steal away men's minds, and change their hearts, and
make a man toothless (?). If one write: 'Allazoôl, pursue Enenuth,' and tie the paper round him, I at once
retreat." 97. The twenty-seventh said: "I am called Phêth. I make men consumptive and cause hemorrhagia. ,If one
exorcise me in wine, sweet-smelling and unmixed by the eleventh aeon [1], and say: 'I exorcise thee by the
eleventh aeon to stop, I demand, Phêth (Axiôphêth),' then give it to the patient to drink, and I at once
retreat."
[1. A Gnostic reference. Just above "eleven fathers" were mentioned.] 98. The twenty-eighth said: "I am
called Harpax, and I send sleeplessness on men. If one write 'Kokphnêdismos,' and bind it round the
temples, I at once retire."
99. The twenty-ninth said: "I am called Anostêr. I engender uterine mania and pains in the bladder. If one
powder into pure oil three seeds of laurel and smear it on, saying: 'I exorcise thee, Anostêr. Stop by
Marmaraô,' at once I retreat."
100. The thirtieth said: "I am called Alleborith. If in eating fish one has swallowed a bone, then he must
take a bone from the fish and cough, and at once I retreat."
101. The thirty-first said: "I am called Hephesimireth, and cause lingering disease. If you throw salt, rubbed
in the hand, into oil and smear it on the patient, saying: 'Seraphim, Cherubim, help me!' I at once retire."
102. The thirty-second said: "I am called Ichthion. I paralyze muscles and contuse them. If I hear
'Adonaêth, help!' I at once retire."
103. The thirty-third said: "I am called Agchoniôn. I lie among swaddling-clothes and in the precipice. And
if any one write on fig-leaves 'Lycurgos,' taking away one letter at a time, and write it, reversing the letters,
I retire at once. 'Lycurgos, ycurgos, kurgos, yrgos, gos, os [1].'"
[1. botrydón, for which Bornemann conjectures boystrofydón. There is a parallel in a magic papyrus edited
by Dieterich (Abraxas, p. 185).]
104. The thirty-fourth said: "I am called Autothith. I cause grudges and fighting. Therefore I am frustrated
by Alpha and Omega, if written down."
105. The thirty-fifth said: "I am called Phthenoth. I cast evil eye on every man. Therefore, the eye muchsuffering, if it be drawn. frustrates me."
106. The thirty-sixth said: "I am called Bianakith. I have a grudge against the body. I lay waste houses, I
cause flesh to decay, and all else that is similar. If a man write on the front-door of his house: 'Mêltô, Ardu,
Anaath,' I flee from that place."
107. And I Solomon, when I heard this, glorified the God of heaven and earth. And I commanded them to
fetch water in the Temple of God. And I furthermore prayed to the Lord God to cause the demons without,
that hamper humanity, to be bound and made to approach the Temple of God. Some of these demons I
condemned to do the heavy work of the construction of the Temple of God. Others I shut up in prisons.
Others I ordered to wrestle with fire in (the making of) gold and silver, sitting down by lead and spoon.
And to make ready places for the other demons in which they should be confined.
108. And I Solomon had much quiet in all the earth, and spent my life in profound peace, honoured by all
men and by all under heaven. And I built the entire Temple of the Lord God. And my kingdom was
prosperous, and my army was with me. And for the rest the city of Jerusalem had repose, rejoicing and
delighted. And all the kings of the earth came to me from the ends of the earth to behold the Temple which
I builded to the Lord God. And having heard of the wisdom given to me, they did homage to me in the
Temple, bringing gold and silver and precious stones, many and divers, and bronze, and iron, and lead, and
cedar logs. And woods decay not they brought me, for the equipment of the Temple of God.109. And among them also the queen of the South, being a witch, came in great concern and bowed low
before me to the earth. And having heard my wisdom, she glorified the God of Israel, and she made formal
trial of all my wisdom, of all love in which I instructed her, according to the wisdom imparted to me. And
all the sons of Israel glorified God.
110. And behold, in those days one of the workmen, of ripe old age, threw himself down before me, and
said: "King Solomon, pity me, because I am old." So I bade him stand up, and said: "Tell me, old man, all
you will." And he answered: "I beseech you king, I have an only-born son, and he insults and beats me
openly, and plucks out the hair of my head, and threatens me with a painful death. Therefore I beseech you
avenge me.
111. And I Solomon, on hearing this, felt compunction as I looked at his old age; and I bade the child be
brought to me. And when he was brought I questioned him whether it were true. And the youth said: "I was
not so filled with madness as to strike my father with my hand. Be kind to me, O king. For I have not dared
to commit such impiety, poor wretch that I am." But I Solomon on hearing this from the youth, exhorted
the old man to reflect on the matter, and accept his son's apology. However, he would not, but said he
would rather let him die. And as the old man would not yield, I was about to pronounce sentence on the
youth, when I saw Ornias the demon laughing. I was very angry at the demon's laughing in my presence;
and I ordered my men to remove the other parties, and bring forward Ornias before my tribunal. And when
he was brought before me, I said to him: "Accursed one, why didst thou look at me and laugh?" And the
demon answered: "Prithee, king, it was not because of thee I laughed, but because of this ill-starred old
man and the wretched youth, his son. For after three days his son will die untimely; and lo, the old man
desires to foully make away with him."
112. But I Solomon, having heard this, said to the demon: "Is that true that thou speakest?" And he
answered: "It is true; O king." And I, on hearing that, bade them remove the demon, and that they should
again bring before me the old man with his son. I bade them [40] make friends with one another again, and
I supplied them with food. And then I told the old man after three days to bring his son again to me here;
"and," said I, "I will attend to him." And they saluted me, and went their way.
113. And when they were gone I ordered Ornias to be brought forward, and said to him: "Tell me how you
know this;" and he answered: "We demons ascend into the firmament of heaven, and fly about among the
stars. And we hear the sentences which go forth upon the souls of men, and forthwith we come, and
whether by force of influence, or by fire, or by sword, or by some accident, we veil our act of destruction;
and if a man does not die by some untimely disaster or by violence, then we demons transform ourselves in
such a way as to appear to men and be worshipped in our human nature."
114. I therefore, having heard this, glorified the Lord God, and again I questioned the demon, saying: "Tell
me how ye can ascend into heaven, being demons, and amidst the stars and holy angels intermingle." And
he answered: "Just as things are fulfilled in heaven, so also on earth (are fulfilled) the types [1] of all of
them. For there are principalities, authorities, world-rulers [2], and we demons fly about in the air; and we
hear the voices of the heavenly beings, and survey all the powers. And as having no ground (basis) on
which to alight and rest, we lose strength and fall off like leaves from trees. And men seeing us imagine
that the stars are falling from heaven. But it is not really so, O king; but we fall because of our weakness,
and because we have nowhere anything to lay hold of; and so we fall down like lightnings [3] in the depth
of night and suddenly. And we set cities in flames and fire the fields. For the stars have firm foundations in
the heavens like the sun and the moon."
[1. Cp. Heb. viii. 5. 2. Cp. Rom. viii. 38. 3. Luke x. 18: "I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven." June
13.]
115. And I Solomon, having heard this, ordered the demon to be guarded for five days. And after the five
days I recalled the old man, and was about to question him. But he came to me in grief and with black face.
And I said to him: "Tell me, old man, where is thy son? And what means this garb?" And he answered: "Lo, I am become childless, and sit by my son's grave in despair. For it is already two days that he is dead."
But I Solomon, on hearing that, and knowing that the demon Ornias had told me the truth, glorified the God
of Israel.
116. And the queen of the South saw all this, and marvelled, [41] glorifying the God of Israel; and she
beheld the Temple of the Lord being builded. And she gave a siklos [1] of gold and one hundred myriads of
silver and choice bronze, and she went into the Temple. And (she beheld) the altar of incense and the
brazen supports of this altar, and the gems of the lamps flashing forth of different colours, and of the lampstand of stone, and of emerald, and hyacinth, and sapphire; and she beheld the vessels of gold, and silver,
and bronze, and wood, and the folds of skins dyed red with madder. And she saw the bases of the pillars of
the Temple of the Lord. All were of one gold ... [2] apart from the demons whom I condemned to labour.
And there was peace in the circle of my kingdom and over all the earth.
[1. A shekel. Philo has the form síklos, i. 468. síglos is the usual spelling in the LXX. 2. There seems to be
here a lacuna in the MS.]
117. And it came to pass, which I was in my kingdom, the King of the Arabians, Adares, sent me a letter,
and the writing of the letter was written as follows: --
"To King Solomon, all hail! Lo, we have heard, and it hath been heard unto all the ends of the earth,
concerning the wisdom vouchsafed in thee, and that thou art a man merciful from the Lord. And
understanding hath been granted thee over all the spirits of the air, and on earth, and under the earth. Now,
forasmuch as there is present in the land of Arabia a spirit of the following kind: at early dawn there begins
to blow a certain wind until the third hour. And its blast is harsh and terrible, and it slays man and beast.
And no spirit can live upon earth against this demon. I pray thee then, forasmuch as the spirit is a wind,
contrive something according to the wisdom given in thee by the Lord thy God, and deign to send a man
able to capture it. And behold, King Solomon, I and my people and all my land will serve thee unto death.
And all Arabia shall be at peace with thee, if thou wilt perform this act of righteousness for us. Wherefore
we pray thee, contemn not our humble prayer, and suffer not to be utterly brought to naught the eparchy
subordinated to thy authority. Because we are suppliants, both I and my people and all my land. Farewell to
my Lord. All health!"
118. And I Solomon read this epistle; and I folded it up and gave it to my people, and said to them: "After
seven days shalt thou remind me of this epistle. And Jerusalem was built, and the Temple was being
completed. And there was a stone [1], the end stone of the corner lying there, great, chosen out, one which I
desired lay in the head of the corner of the completion of the Temple. And all the workmen, and all the
demons helping them came to the same place to bring up the stone and lay it on the pinnacle of the holy
Temple, and were not strong enough to stir it, and lay it upon the corner allotted to it. For that stone was
exceedingly great and useful for the corner of the Temple."
[1. Cp. I Pet. ii. 6, 7, who combines in the same way Ps. cxviii. 22 and Isa. xxviii. 16. Cp. Matt. xxi. 42,
Mark xii, 10, Luke xx, 17.]
119. And after seven days, being reminded of the epistle of Adares, King of Arabia, I called my servant and
said to him: "Order thy camel and take for thyself a leather flask, and take also this seal. And go away into
Arabia to the place in which the evil spirit blows; and there take the flask, and the signet-ring in front of the
mouth of the flask, and (hold them) towards the blast of the spirit. And when the flask is blown out, thou
wilt understand that the demon is (in it). Then hastily tie up the mouth of to flask, and seal it securely with
the seal-ring, and lay it carefully on the camel and bring it me hither. And if on the way it offer thee gold or
silver or treasure in return for letting it go, see that thou be not persuaded. But arrange without using oath to
release it. And then if it point out to the places where are gold or silver, mark the places and seal them with
this seal. And bring the demon to me. And now depart, and fare thee well." 120. Then the youth did as was bidden him. And he ordered his camel, and laid on it a flask, and set off into
Arabia. And the men of that region would not believe that he would be able to catch the evil spirit. And
when it was dawn, the servant stood before the spirit's blast, and laid the flask on the ground, and the
finger-ring on the mouth of the flask. And the demon blew through the middle of the finger-ring into the
mouth of the flask, and going in blew out the flask. But the man promptly stood up to it and drew tight with
his hand the mouth of the flask, in the name of the Lord God of Sabaôth. And the demon remained within
the flask. And after that the youth remained in that land three days to make trial. And the spirit no longer
blew against that city. And all the Arabs knew that he had safely shut in the spirit.
121. Then the youth fastened the flask on the camel, and the Arabs sent him forth on his way with much
honour and precious gifts, praising and magnifying the God of Israel. But the youth brought in the bag and
laid it in the middle of the Temple. And on the next day, I King Solomon, went into the Temple of God and
sat in deep distress about the stone of the end of the corner. And when I entered the Temple, the flask stood
up and walked around some seven steps and then fell on its mouth and did homage to me. And I marvelled
that even along with the bottle the demon still had power and could walk about; and I commanded it to
stand up. And the flask stood up, and stood on its feet all blown out. And I questioned him, saying: "Tell
me, who art thou?" And the spirit within said: "I am the demon called Ephippas, that is in Arabia." And I
said to him: "Is this thy name?" And he answered: "Yes; wheresoever I will, I alight and set fire and do to
death."
122. And I said to him: "By what angel art thou frustrated?" And he answered: "By the only-ruling God,
that hath authority over me even to be heard. He that is to be born of a virgin and crucified by the Jews on a
cross. Whom the angels and archangels worship. He doth frustrate me, and enfeeble me of my great
strength, which has been given me by my father the devil." And I said to him: "What canst thou do?'' And
he answered: ''I am able to remove [1] mountains, to overthrow the oaths of kings. I wither trees and make
their leaves to fall off." And I said to him: "Canst thou raise this stone, and lay it for the beginning of this
corner which exists in the fair plan of the Temple [2]?'' And he said: "Not only raise this, O king; but also,
with the help of the demon who presides over the Red Sea, I will bring up the pillar of air [3], and will
stand it where thou wilt in Jerusalem.''
[1. Cp. the faith which removes mountains. 2. Bornemann suggests that the gate of the Temple called
Beautiful (Acts iii. 2, 10) is referred to. 3. I conjecture the sense.]
123. Saying this, I laid stress on him, and the flask became as if depleted of air. And I placed it under the
stone, and (the spirit) girded himself up, and lifted it up top of the flask. And the flask went up the steps,
carrying the stone, and laid it down at the end of the entrance of the Temple. And I Solomon, beholding the
stone raised aloft and placed on a foundation, said: "Truly the Scripture is fulfilled, which says: 'The stone
which the builders rejected on trial, that same is become the head of the corner.' For this it is not mine to
grant, but God's, that the demon should be strong enough to lift up so great a stone and deposit it in the
place I wished."
124. And Ephippas led the demon of the Red Sea with the column. And they both took the column and
raised it aloft from the earth. And I outwitted these two spirits, so that they could not shake the entire earth
in a moment of time. And then I sealed round with my [44] ring on this side and that, and said: "Watch."
And the spirits have remained upholding it until this day, for proof of the wisdom vouchsafed to me. And
there the pillar was hanging of enormous size, in mid air, supported by the winds. And thus the spirits
appeared underneath, like air, supporting it. And if one looks fixedly, the pillar is a little oblique, being
supported by the spirits; and it is so to day.
125. And I Solomon questioned the other spirit which came up with the pillar from the depth of the Red
Sea. And I said to him: "Who art thou, and what calls thee? And what is thy business? For I hear many
things about thee.'' And the demon answered: "I, O King Solomon, am called Abezithibod. I am a
descendant of the archangel. Once as I sat in the first heaven, of which the name is Ameleouth -- I then am
a fierce spirit and winged, and with a single wing, plotting against every spirit under heaven. I was present
when Moses went in before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and I hardened his heart. I am he whom Iannes and Iambres invoked homing [1] with Moses in Egypt. I am he who fought against Moses [2] with wonders
with signs."
[1. oíkoyxúmenoi in the MS., a vox nihili. If we had the apocryph of Iannes and Iambres we might
understand the reference. 2. 2 Tim. iii. 8.]
126. I said therefore to him: "How wast thou found in the Red Sea?" And he answered: "In the exodus of
the sons of Israel I hardened the heart of Pharaoh. And I excited his heart and that of his ministers. And I
caused them to pursue after the children of Israel. And Pharaoh followed with (me) and all the Egyptians.
Then I was present there, and we followed together. And we all came up upon the Red Sea. And it came to
pass when the children of Israel had crossed over, the water returned and hid all the host of the Egyptians
and all their might. And I remained in the sea, being kept under this pillar. But when Ephippas came, being
sent by thee, shut up in the vessel of a flask, he fetched me up to thee."
127. I, therefore, Solomon, having heard this, glorified God and adjured the demons not to disobey me, but
to remain supporting the pillar. And they both sware, saying: "The Lord thy God liveth, we will not let go
this pillar until the world's end. But on whatever day this stone fall, then shall be the end of the world [1]."
[1. This legend of the heavy cornerstone and of the spirits supporting a column in the Temple reappears in
the Georgian Acts of Nouna in the fourth century. There it is a huge wooden column that is lifted by spiritagency, when the king and workmen had failed to move it into place. The spirits support it in the air before
letting it sink into its place. These Acts will shortly appear in an English translation by Miss Wardrop in the
forthcoming number of the Studie Biblica, Clarendon Press, 1898.]
128. And I Solomon glorified God, and adorned the Temple of the Lord with all fair-seeming. And I was
glad in spirit in my kingdom, and there was peace in my days. And I took wives of my own from every
land, who were numberless. And I marched against the Jebusaeans, and there I saw Jebusaean, daughter of
a man: and fell violently in love with her, and desired to take her to wife along with my other wives. And I
said to their priests: "Give me the Sonmanites (i.e. Shunammite) to wife [1]." But the priests of Moloch
said to me: "If thou lovest this maiden, go in and worship our gods, the great god Raphan and the god
called Moloch." I therefore was in fear of the glory of God, and did not follow to worship. And I said to
them: "I will not worship a strange god. What is this proposal, that ye compel me to do so much?" But they
said: ". . . . . [2] by our fathers."
[1. Song of Sol. vi. 12. 2. utheìs (sic) stands in the MS.; perhaps taîs theaîs should be read.]
129. And when I answered that I would on no account worship strange gods, they told the maiden not to
sleep with me until I complied and sacrificed to the gods. I then was moved, but crafty Eros brought and
laid by her for me five grasshoppers, saying: "Take these grasshoppers, and crush them together in the
name of the god Moloch; and then will I sleep with you." And this I actually did. And at once the Spirit of
God departed from me, and I became weak as well as foolish in my words. And after that I was obliged by
her to build a temple of idols to Baal [1], and to Rapha, and to Moloch, and to the other idols.
[1. Fem. So Rom. xi. 4.]
130. I then, wretch that I am, followed her advice, and the glory of God quite departed from me; and my
spirit was darkened, and I became the sport of idols and demons. Wherefore I wrote out this Testament, that
ye who get possession of it may pity, and attend to the last things [1], and not to the first. So that ye may
find grace for ever and ever. Amen.
[1. Cp. Rev. ii. 19.]